Articles

European economic vulnerability to future financial crises

Erwan Le Saint

September 2025
European economic vulnerability to future financial crises

Why might European countries’ capacity to restart their economies be unprecedentedly low in the event of a future financial crisis? Financial crises are a recurring...

bitcoin-as-a-reserve-asset

Erwan Le Saint

May 2025
Bitcoin as a reserve asset: economic instabilities and energy losses

What are the potential economic and energy consequences of using Bitcoin and altcoins as central bank reserve assets? In recent months various cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin...

black-soot-at-port-harcourt-carbon-offsetting-and-blockchains

Erwan Le Saint

October 2024
Black soot at Port Harcourt, carbon offsetting and blockchains

How carbon offsetting and blockchains could improve the air quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria? Since 2016, the city of Port Harcourt located in the Niger...

Blockchains and monitoring climate change economic impacts

Erwan Le Saint

October 2023
Blockchains and monitoring climate change economic impacts

How could we benefit from blockchains to develop collaborative tools to monitor the economic consequences of climate change? Climate change is already impacting our economy...

Fishing quotas and demand for renewable hydrogen

Erwan Le Saint

August 2023
Fishing quotas and demand for renewable hydrogen

How economic modelling can help us increase the demand for renewable hydrogen from the automotive sector, and why could it be compared with fishing quotas?...

game-theory-and-missed-opportunities-in-the-north-sea

Erwan Le Saint

May 2023
Game Theory and missed opportunities in the North Sea

To what extent the recent discussions about a massive deployment of offshore wind turbines in the North Sea illustrate the potential of the game theory...

USD dominance and impact on national debts

Erwan Le Saint

April 2023
USD dominance and impact on national debts

The decrease of the dominance of the US dollar, and to a lesser extent of the Euro, is at stake at the moment. But what...